I-Post tensioning iyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokuqinisa ukhonkolo eye yaguqula ngokuyisisekelo indlela izakhiwo zesimanje eziphakeme eziklanywa futhi zakhiwe ngayo. Ngamazwi alula, i-post tensioning ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi yokucindezela esakhiweni sikakhonkolo ngemva kokuba ukhonkolo uthelwe futhi usufinyelele izinga elithile lamandla, kusetshenziswa izintambo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu eziqiniswayo futhi ziboshwe. Le ndlela ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izikhala ezinde, amapulangwe azacile, nezinhlobo zezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ovamile oqinisiwe, okwenza kube into ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha esimanje. Le nqubo ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwesakhiwo se-post tension slab ngokulwa namandla okudonsa ukhonkolo ungakwazi ukuwamelana nawo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhekeka nokwehluleka kwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonkolo we-post tension usuphenduke isixazululo esiyinhloko kubahlinzeki nosonkontileka abadinga ukukhulisa indawo esetshenziswayo phansi kuyilapho behlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto kanye nezindleko eziphelele zephrojekthi. Umehluko phakathi kwe-post tension ne-pre tension ubalulekile ukuqondwa, njengoba i-post tensioning isebenzisa amandla ngemva kokuqina kukakhonkolo, inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekuhlelweni kokwakha kanye nasezintweni zokusebenza endaweni. Ezakhiweni eziphakeme, ikhono lokunciphisa ukuphakama phakathi kwezitezi ngokusebenzisa amapulangwe azacile lihumusha ngokuqondile ekongeni okukhulu ezintweni zokumboza, izinhlelo zemishini, nezindleko zokuthutha eziqondile. Lesi singeniso sibeka isisekelo sokuhlola okujulile kwezinzuzo eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okwenza i-post tensioning ibe ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile embonini yokwakha yesimanje.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-post tensioning emaphrojekthini ezakhiwo eziphakeme kuletha inhlanganisela emangalisayo yezinzuzo zesakhiwo nezomnotho ezingenakutholakala ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zikakhonkolo oqinisiwe. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu yikhono lokuthola izikhala ezinde phakathi kwezinsika, okuvumela abaklami bezakhiwo ukuthi baklame izindawo zangaphandle ezivulekile, ezingenazinsika ezithandeka kakhulu ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zokupaka, kanye nemibhoshongo yokuhlala. I-post tension slab eklanywe kahle ingahlanganisa amafidi angu-40 kuye kwangu-60 noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwezinsika eziphakathi, inikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu kokuhlela kanye nokubukwa okungavinjelwe kubahlali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zikakhonkolo we-post tension zivumela ukwakhiwa kwamapuleti aphansi amancane, ngokuvamile zinciphisa ubukhulu be-slab ngama-20% kuye kwangu-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqiniswa okuvamile, okunciphisa isisindo sonke sesakhiwo futhi kwehlise imithwalo yezisekelo. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwesisindo kuholela ekongeni okukhulu ezintweni ezifana nokhonkolo nensimbi, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zezisekelo, izinsika, kanye nezinhlelo zokumelana nemithwalo eseceleni. Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukulawulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwemifantu; ngenxa yokuthi ama-tendon asebenzisa amandla aqhubekayo okucindezela, imifantu engingase ivele ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokusebenza iyancishiswa noma iqedwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukuqina nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo. Ukuguquguquka kokuklama kukhuliswa kakhulu nge-post tensioning, njengoba onjiniyela bengakwazi ukulungisa i-tendon profile ukuze ihambisane nezimo ezithile zomthwalo, bakhe izixazululo ezisebenzayo zesakhiwo zezimo ezingajwayelekile, ama-cantilevers, nama-transfer slabs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokwakha livame ukusheshiswa ngenxa yokuthi i-post tensioning ivumela ukukhishwa kwe-formwork ngokushesha kanye nezikhathi ezincishisiwe zokwelapha, okwenza izinhlelo zomsebenzi zibe mfushane kakhulu.

Ngokombono wezezimali, ukucindezela ngemuva (post tensioning) kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu zezindleko ezenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kubathuthukisi nokontraka abaqaphela isabelomali emkhakheni wezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ngokunciphisa inani likakhonkolo nensimbi yokuqinisa edingekayo, uhlelo lweslabhu yokucindezela ngemuva lunganciphisa izindleko zempahla ngo-15% kuya ku-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziqinisiwe ngokujwayelekile, kuye ngezinga lomsebenzi kanye nemingcele yomklamo. Isisindo esincishisiwe sesakhiwo siphinde sihunyushelwe ekongeni emklamweni wezisekelo, njengoba kudingeka izigxobo ezimbalwa noma izisekelo ezincane ukusekela isakhiwo esilula. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwempahla kunomthelela ngqo emgomeni wokusimama ngokunciphisa umkhondo wekhabhoni ohambisana nokukhiqizwa kukakhonkolo nensimbi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezitifiketini zokwakha eziluhlaza ezifana ne-LEED ne-BREEAM. Ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kukakhonkolo wokucindezela ngemuva kusho ukuthi kuncane ukulungiswa nokushintshwa phakathi nempilo yesevisi yesakhiwo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezindleko zomjikelezo wempilo yesakhiwo. Abathuthukisi abaningi bathola ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili kubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ngemuva kuzikhokhela ngokwenza kahle ekwakheni nasekongeni kwempahla ezitezi ezimbalwa zokuqala zomsebenzi wezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokusebenzisa ukhonkolo onamandla aphezulu kuhlanganiswe nokucindezela ngemuva livumela ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezakhiwo, kuphushwe imingcele yalokho okungenzeka ngokwezomnotho nangokwesakhiwo emklamweni wezakhiwo eziphakeme.

Itechnology yokucindezela ngemva kokwakha ithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezingqalasizinda nezinhlobo zezakhiwo, ngayinye izuza ngendlela eyingqayizivele ezintshweni zomshini nezomnotho zohlelo. Ezakhiweni eziphakeme, ukucindezela ngemva kokwakha kusetshenziswa kakhulu emapulangweni aphansi, emishinini yokudlulisa, nasezisekelweni, lapho ikhono lokunciphisa ubukhulu bepulangwe nobude besikhala lidala inani elikhulu kubathuthukisi nabaklami bezakhiwo. Izakhiwo zokupaka izimoto ziyindawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa, njengoba amapulangwe kakhonkolo acindezelwe ngemva kokwakha engakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo ephilayo enzima yezimoto ngenkathi egcina izindawo ezingenaqembu ezimelana nokungena kwamanzi nokugqwala okuvela kusawoti wokuncibilikisa iqhwa. Iziganga ezinde nezicacile ezingatholakala ngokucindezela ngemva kokwakha zivumela izindawo zokupaka ukuthi zikhulise izindawo zokupaka ngezinsika ezimbalwa, zithuthukise ukuhamba kwezimoto nokulula komsebenzisi. Amabhuloho nezinye izingqalasizinda zokuthutha kudala zethembele ekucindezeleni ngemva kokwakha ukuze zithole iziganga ezinde namaphrofayili amancane adingekayo ekuwelweni kwemigwaqo emikhulu nezitimela zanamuhla. Izindlela zokucindezela ngemva nangaphambi kokwakha zivame ukuhlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambili nalezo ezakhiwe endaweni, kuqinisekiswe ukuqina ngaphansi kwethrafikhi enzima nokuchayeka emvelweni. Izicelo zamapulangwe aphansi, okuhlanganisa izitezi zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina impahla, nezisekelo zokuhlala, zizuza ekulawuleni ukuqhekeka namandla okuthwala umthwalo okunikezwa ukucindezela ngemva kokwakha, kunciphisa izinkinga zokulungisa zesikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezinokuzamazama komhlaba, izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezicindezelwe ngemva kokwakha zibonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngoba izintambo zingaklanywa ukuze zihlale ziguquguquka ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba, zivumele isakhiwo ukuthi sizibuyisele esimweni saso ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kokucindezela ngemva kokwakha kukwenza kufaneleke cishe kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo sikakhonkolo lapho kufiseleka khona ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto okuncishisiwe, neziganga ezinde.

Ezindaweni zokuhlala eziphakeme kanye nemibhoshongo yezohwebo, i-post tensioning isiphenduke isixazululo esijwayelekile sokwakha amapuleti aphansi, ikakhulukazi emaphrojekthini adlula izitezi eziyishumi ngobude. Ukuphakama okuphansi phakathi kwezitezi okutholakala ngamapuleti amancane e-post tension kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bangeze izitezi ezengeziwe ngaphakathi kobude obufanayo besakhiwo, okwandisa ngqo indawo engaqashiswa noma ethengiswayo ngaphandle kokwandisa umkhondo wesakhiwo. Lokhu kukhula okuqondile phezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziminyene zasemadolobheni lapho izindleko zomhlaba ziphezulu futhi imithetho yokuklama ikhawulela ubude obuphezulu besakhiwo. Imibhoshongo eminingi edumile emhlabeni wonke incike kukhonkolo we-post tension ezinhlelweni zazo zaphansi, ihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okuhle kwesakhiwo. Izakhiwo zokupaka ezakhiwe nge-post tensioning zihlomula ngokuqedwa kwamajoyinti okunweba, okuyimithombo evamile yokuvuza nokonakala ezindaweni zokupaka eziqinisiwe ngendlela evamile. Izici zokungangeni kwamanzi zikakhonkolo we-post tension, ezitholakala ngokulawula imifantu, zandisa kakhulu impilo yezinsiza zamapuleti okupaka abhekene nesimo sezulu namakhemikhali okuncibilikisa iqhwa. Abanikazi nabaphathi bezakhiwo bavame ukubika izindleko eziphansi zokulungisa nezikhalazo ezimbalwa zabaqashi lapho i-post tensioning isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwegaraji lokupaka.

I-Texas Zhongke New Materials Co., Ltd. inikela ngohlu oluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-post tensioning esebenza kahle kakhulu eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakeme zanamuhla kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu engqalasizinda. Iphothifoliyo yethu yemikhiqizo ihlanganisa zombili izinhlelo ze-tendon ezingaboshwe kanye neziboshiwe, ngayinye yakhelwe ukuletha ukusebenza okuphelele ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo. Ama-tendon angaboshiwe, ahlanganisa imicu ngayinye ehlanganiswe namafutha futhi embozwe, alungele kahle izicelo zamapulangwe lapho ukuguquguquka ekubekweni kanye nokulula kokufakwa kuyizinto eziphambili. Ama-tendon aboshiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu kokugqwala futhi avame ukucaciselwa ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, imishayo yokudlulisa, kanye nezinye izicelo ezinomthwalo omkhulu lapho i-grouting igcwalisa umhubo futhi ibophe imicu kukhonkolo ezungezile. Sikhiqiza ama-anchor namawedgi anamandla aphezulu ahlangabezana noma adlula amazinga omhlaba wonke womthwalo womthwalo nokuthembeka, okuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuphephile kwama-tendon ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme kakhulu zokucindezeleka. Izinto zethu zokugrouting kanye nemikhiqizo eyengeziwe yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezici ezinhle zokugeleza, ukuncipha okuphansi, kanye nokugcwaliswa okuphelele kwezikhala, okukhulisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zama-tendon aboshiwe. Wonke umkhiqizo ohlwini lwethu udlula ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwekhwalithi, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla okudonsa, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokukhathala, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki endaweni. Siqhubeka nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze sithuthukise imikhiqizo yethu futhi sethule izinto ezintsha ezisiza amakhasimende ethu ukuthi akhe izakhiwo eziphephile, eziphumelela kakhudlwana.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kungumongo walokho konke esikwenzayo e-Dezhou Zhongke New Materials Co., Ltd., futhi imikhiqizo yethu ye-post tensioning ikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe eziqinile kanye nemininingwane yezimboni. Izikhungo zethu zokukhiqiza zigunyazwe izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ze-ISO, futhi sigcina amarekhodi anemininingwane okulandelela ingxenye ngayinye ethunyelwa ezindaweni zamaphrojekthi emhlabeni wonke. I-tendon assembly ngayinye ihlolwa ngokuphelele, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa kwama-anchor assemblies, ukuqinisekiswa kokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana, kanye nokuqapha ukunwetshwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Siphinde sinikeze imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe egcwele, okuhlanganisa izitifiketi zokuhlola izinto, izincwadi zokufaka, kanye nemibiko yokulawula ikhwalithi, ukusekela amakhasimende ethu ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokulawula nezinkontileka. Ukuzibophezela kwethu ekhwalithini akugcini nje endaweni yefekthri kodwa kuhlanganisa nokusekelwa okwenziwa emkhakheni, lapho onjiniyela bethu abanolwazi besiza ngezinqubo zokufaka, ukusebenza kwe-tensioning, nokuxazulula izinkinga. Lokhu kuzinikela ekuphakameni kusenze sazuza ukwethenjwa kosonkontileka abakhulu nezinkampani zobunjiniyela ezihlala zikhetha imikhiqizo yethu kumaphrojekthi abo ayinselele kakhulu. Noma ngabe iphrojekthi idinga ukuhambisana ne-ACI, i-PTI, noma amakhodi okwakha endawo, ithimba lethu liqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umkhiqizo nenqubo kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.

Ukusebenza kwangempela emhlabeni kwezinhlelo zokucindezela ngemuva (post tensioning) ezivela e-Dezhou Zhongke New Materials Co., Ltd. kukhombiswe emaphrojekthini amaningi aphumelelayo, okuletha ukonga izindleko okulinganisekayo kanye nezinzuzo zesakhiwo kumakhasimende ethu. Kwenye iphrojekthi ephawulekayo yezindlu eziphakeme endaweni enkulu yedolobha, uhlelo lwethu lwe-unbonded tendon lwenza ukuthi usonkontileka anciphise ubukhulu besilabhu ngama-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo wokuqala oqinisiwe ovamile, okuholele ekongeni izindleko zempahla ezingaphezu kuka-18% futhi kwavumela ukuthi kunezelwe izitezi ezimbili ezengeziwe ngaphakathi komkhawulo ofanayo wobude besakhiwo. Iphrojekthi yaqedwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yemijikelezo esheshayo yokukhumula amafomu (formwork stripping) eyenziwa ukucindezela ngemuva, futhi lesi sakhiwo sisebenze kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokubikwa kwezinkinga zokuqhekeka noma ukugoba kusukela saqala ukuhlalwa. Enye iphrojekthi ehlanganisa isakhiwo esikhulu sokupaka izimoto yasebenzisa uhlelo lwethu lwe-bonded tendon ukuze kutholakale izikhala ezingenazinsika ezingamamitha angu-55, kwandisa umthamo wokupaka futhi kwathuthukisa ukuhamba kwezimoto ngaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo. Ukusebenza kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kususe izinkinga zokuvuza kwamanzi ezivame ukuhlukumeza izitezi zokupaka eziqinisiwe ngendlela evamile, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa zomnikazi. Ekusetshenzisweni kokulungisa ukuzamazama komhlaba (seismic retrofit), izixazululo zethu zikakhonkolo wokucindezela ngemuva zasetshenziswa ukuqinisa isakhiwo esikhona, zithuthukisa ukumelana nomthwalo oseceleni (lateral load resistance) futhi zaqinisekisa ukuthi siyahambisana namakhodi amasha okuzamazama komhlaba ngaphandle kokudinga ukudilizwa okukhulu noma ukuphazamisa izakhamuzi. Lezi zifundo zomsebenzi zikhombisa izinzuzo eziphathekayo ezilethwa imikhiqizo yethu kanye nobuchwepheshe bethu emaphrojekthini okwakha azo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu.

Ukucindezela ngemuva (post tensioning) kukhombise ukuphumelela okumangalisayo ekusetshenzisweni kokuzamazama komhlaba, lapho ikhono lesakhiwo lokwenza izinguquko ezilawulwayo futhi libuyele endaweni yalo yokuqala libalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kahle. Ezindaweni ezithambekele ekuzamazameni komhlaba, izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezicindezelwe ngemuva ezenziwe ngezintambo ezingaboshwanga (unbonded tendons) zikhombise ukuqina okumangalisayo, njengoba izintambo zihlala zivumelana nezimo ngesikhathi sezinto ezinyakazayo futhi zinikeza amandla okubuyisela anciphisa ukugudluka okungapheli. Inkampani yethu ihlinzeke ngezinhlelo zokucindezela ngemuva emaphrojekthini amaningi ezindaweni ezinokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, lapho ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lisebenze eduze nonjiniyela bezakhiwo bendawo ukuze bathuthukise ukuhlelwa kwezintambo okuthuthukisa ukuvumelana nezimo nokuchithwa kwamandla. Ukusebenza kwalezi zakhiwo ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zangempela zokuzamazama komhlaba kuqinisekisile ukwethembeka kokucindezela ngemuva njengobuchwepheshe obumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Abanikazi bezakhiwo bahlomula ngokuncipha komonakalo wesakhiwo, izindleko eziphansi zokulungisa, nokubuyela esakhiweni ngokushesha ngemuva kwesehlakalo sokuzamazama komhlaba, okuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinemigomo eqinile yokuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba. Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokucindezela ngemuva nangaphambi (post tension and pre tension) ekusetshenzisweni kokuzamazama komhlaba iyaqhubeka iyindawo yocwaningo olusebenzayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, futhi inkampani yethu ihlala iphambili kulezi zintuthuko.

Ukukhetha umlingani ofanele wezidingo zakho zokucindezela ngemva kwesikhathi yisinqumo esibalulekile esingaba nomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yephrojekthi yakho yokwakha, futhi i-德州中科新材料有限公司 iletha ulwazi lweminyaka eminingi, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nomlando oqinisekisiwe kumsebenzi ngamunye. Ithimba lethu linonjiniyela abanekhono eliphezulu kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abaqonda ubunzima bokuklanywa kweslabhu yokucindezela ngemva kwesikhathi, ukufakwa, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, benikeza amakhasimende ethu ukwesekwa okuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni komqondo wephrojekthi kuze kube sekupheleni. Siyaziqhenya ngokunikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo eziyingqayizivele zephrojekthi ngayinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhilela ijiyomethri engajwayelekile, izimo eziyinselele zendawo, noma izindinganiso ezikhethekile zokusebenza. Izinsizakalo zethu zokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe zifaka imidwebo enemininingwane yezitolo, ukuqeqeshwa kokufakwa kwabasebenzi basendaweni, ukugadwa endaweni ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokucindezela, kanye nokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa ngemva kokufakwa. Sigcina amazinga aphezulu ezimpahla kuzo zonke izinto ezijwayelekile ukuze siqinisekise ukulethwa okusheshayo futhi sinciphise ukubambezeleka kwephrojekthi, futhi ithimba lethu lezokuthutha lihlela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezindaweni zomsebenzi emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenza kahle nangokuthembeka. Ukuzibophezela kwethu ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende kubonakala ebudlelwaneni besikhathi eside esakhe nabo okhonkolo, onjiniyela, kanye nabathuthukisi ababuya kithi phrojekthi ngemva kwephrojekthi ngezidingo zabo zokucindezela ngemva kwesikhathi. Ngokusikhetha, uthola hhayi nje umthengisi kodwa umlingani ozinikele ozibophezele ekukusizeni ukwakha izakhiwo eziphephe, ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomlando wezinkampani zethu namandla ethu, sicela uvakashele i-NGATHI ikhasi ukuze uthole imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezindawo zethu, izitifiketi, kanye nolwazi olubalulekile lwephrojekthi. Ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wemikhiqizo yethu ehlanganisa ama-unbonded tendons, ama-bonded tendons, ama-anchors, kanye nezesekeli, hlola i-IMIKHIQIZO ikhasi. Hlala unolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva yemboni nezindaba zenkampani ngokuvakashela i-IZINDABA isigaba, lapho sishicilela khona njalo izihloko ezimayelana nobuchwepheshe bokhonkolo kanye nezinqubo zokwakha eziqhubekayo. Uma unemibuzo noma udinga usizo olusheshayo lobuchwepheshe, i-Ukusekela Ithimba lihlale likulungele ukusiza ngezimpendulo ezisheshayo nezinolwazi.

Uma uhlela iphrojekthi yezakhiwo eziphakeme, isakhiwo sokupaka, ibhuloho, noma noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kukakhonkolo okudinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ukuthi i-post tensioning ingakwenzelani. Ithimba lethu e-德州中科新材料有限公司 likulungele ukukunikeza isixazululo esenziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yakho, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukwakheka kwe-tendon layout, kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi nenqubo yokufaka. Ukucela isilinganiso sezindleko kulula futhi kuyashesha; xhumana nathi ngewebhusayithi yethu noma ushayele ithimba lethu lokuthengisa ukuze sixoxe ngemininingwane yephrojekthi yakho futhi sithole isiphakamiso sezindleko esiqhudelanayo. Siyakumema futhi ukuthi uvakasheleIKHASI LASEKHAYAikhasi lokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nohlu oluphelele lwezinto zokuhlanganisa zikakhonkolo ezinokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezixazululo zokwakha. Ochwepheshe bethu bayatholakala ukuze benze izingxoxo ezibonakalayo noma ezisendaweni ukuze bakusize uhlole ukusebenza kanye nezinzuzo zokuqinisa ngemuva kokucindezela (post tensioning) kumsebenzi wakho othile. Ungayekethisi ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza lapho impumelelo yephrojekthi yakho isengozini. Xhumana nathi namuhla futhi uthole ukuthi kungani osonkontileka nabathuthukisi abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke bethembela i-Dezhou Zhongxin New Materials Co., Ltd. ezidingweni zabo zokuqinisa ngemuva kokucindezela.

Ukucindezela ngemuva (post tensioning) kuyindlela yokuqinisa ukhonkolo ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi yokucindezela ngezintambo zensimbi ezinamandla amakhulu ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo usulukhuni. Izintambo zensimbi zibekwa ngaphakathi kwemigudu noma imikhakha engaphakathi kweslabhu kakhonkolo, futhi ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo usufinyelele amandla anele, ama-hydraulic jack ayadonsa izintambo futhi ama-anchor awakhiye endaweni. Lokhu kucindezela kuphikisana namandla okudonsa ukhonkolo awatholayo lapho uthwala umthwalo, kunciphisa ukuqhekeka futhi kuvumela izlabhu ezincanyana, ezinobude obude. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni eziphakeme, amabhuloho, nezakhiwo zokupaka izimoto ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle nezinzuzo zayo zokwakha.

I-posti tension slab isebenzisa izintambo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu eziqiniswa ngemva kokuba ukhonkolo usulungile, zifaka amandla okucindezela amelana nezinsiza zokusebenza. Izitebhisi zikakhonkolo ezijwayelekile zincike ekusekelweni kwensimbi okungasebenzi kuphela lapho imifantu iqala ukwakheka. Izitebhisi ze-posti tension zingaba mncane ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuye kwangu-30 kunezitebhisi ezijwayelekile zobude obufanayo, zidinga insimbi nokhonkolo okuncane, zinikeza ukulawulwa kwemifantu okuhle, futhi zivumela izikhala ezingenazinsika ezinde. Lokhu kwenza ukhonkolo we-posti tension ube nenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu nasezakhiweni zokupaka izimoto lapho ukukhulisa isikhala nokunciphisa isisindo kuyizinto eziphambili.

Yebo, ukwakhiwa kukakhonkolo we-post tension kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, ikakhulukazi ezisekelweni ze-slab-on-ground, amakamelo angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nama-slab aphansi ezakhiweni ezinemitehe eminingi kanye nama-condominiums. Emibhoshongweni emide yezindlu, i-post tensioning ivumela ama-slab aphansi amancane, isisindo esincishisiwe sesakhiwo, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala ezingenazinsika eziphakathi. Abanikazi bezindlu bayazuza ngaphansi okungenayo imifantu okusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi abathuthukisi bayakuthokozela ukonga kwezindleko kanye nokuguquguquka komklamo okunikezwa yi-post tensioning.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-post tension ne-pre tension usezikhathini zenqubo yokuqinisa. Ekuqiniseni kwe-pre tension, izintambo zensimbi ziyaqiniswa ngaphambi kokuba ukhonkolo uthelwe, futhi amandla adluliselwa ohlakeni ngokubopha njengoba ukhonkolo eqina. Ekuqiniseni kwe-post tension, izintambo ziyaqiniswa ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo usulungile, kusetshenziswa ama-anchor ukuvala amandla esakhiweni. I-post tension inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekuhlelweni kokwakha, ivumela izikhala ezinde, futhi ifaneleka kangcono ekwakheni okuthelwa endaweni, kuyilapho i-pre tension ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zikakhonkolo ezenziwe ngaphambilini.

I-slabs ye-post tension eklanywe kahle futhi yafakwa kahle ingahlala iminyaka engu-50 kuye kwengu-100 noma ngaphezulu, nezakhiwo eziningi zisebenza kahle ngale kwesikhathi esihleliwe sokwakhiwa. Ukhiye wokuphila isikhathi eside ukuvikelwa kahle kokugqwala kwama-tendon, okutholakala ngezinhlelo ezigcotshwe ngamafutha futhi zifakwe emgodini wama-tendon angaboshwa noma ukufakwa kwe-cementitious grouting kuma-tendon aboshiwe. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokulungiswa, ikakhulukazi kwama-anchorage ezindaweni eziveziwe, kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo we-post tension.

I-Post tensioning ngokuvamile inciphisa izindleko zempahla ngo-15% kuya ku-25% uma iqhathaniswa nokhonkolo oqinisiwe ovamile ngokusindisa umthamo kakhonkolo, insimbi yokuqinisa, kanye nezidingo zesisekelo. Amaslabhu amancane anciphisa isisindo sonke sesakhiwo, ehlisa izindleko zesisekelo futhi evumela izitezi ezengeziwe ngaphakathi kobude obufanayo besakhiwo. Imijikelezo yokwakha esheshayo, lapho ukususwa kwe-formwork kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-3-5 esikhundleni sezikhathi ezinde, kusheshisa amashejuli omsebenzi futhi kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi. Lokhu konga kuvame ukunxephezela izindleko eziphakeme zezinto zokuthutha ngemva kokuqina kanye nabasebenzi abakhethekile, okuholela ekwehleni kwezindleko zomsebenzi jikelele.

Yebo, i-post tensioning isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokuzamazama komhlaba futhi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezifundeni ezivame ukuzamazama komhlaba emhlabeni wonke. Izintambo ze-post tension ezingaboshwanga zihlala zivulekile ngesikhathi sezinto ezinokuzamazama komhlaba, zinikeza amandla okubuyisela asiza isakhiwo ukuthi sibuyele endaweni yaso yokuqala ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ze-post tension zibonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, ngokulimala kwesakhiwo okuncishisiwe nokululama okusheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo eziqiniswe ngendlela evamile. Ukuhlelwa okufanele nokuhambisana namakhodi wokuklama ukuzamazama komhlaba kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.

I-Melika i-Dezhou Zhongke New Materials Co., Ltd. inikeza uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-post tensioning ehlanganisa ama-tendon angaboshiwe, ama-tendon aboshiwe, ama-anchor namawedji anamandla aphezulu, izinto zokugcoba, kanye nezesekeli ezahlukene. Ama-tendon ethu angaboshiwe anezintambo ezigcotshwe ngamafutha futhi zimbozwe ngamashubhu ezilungele izicelo zamapulangwe, kuyilapho amasistimu ethu ama-tendon aboshiwe enikeza ukuvikelwa okuphezulu kokugqwala kwamabhuloho nezakhiwo ezinomthwalo omkhulu. Yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngokwezindinganiso zekhwalithi zamazwe ngamazwe futhi isekelwa yimibhalo yobuchwepheshe ephelele kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela emkhakheni.

Ukucela isilinganiso sezindleko ku-德州中科新材料有限公司 kulula. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yethu futhi usebenzise ifomu lokuxhumana ekhasini Lokusekela, noma ushayele ithimba lethu lokuthengisa ngqo ukuze sixoxe ngezidingo zephrojekthi yakho. Sicela unikeze imininingwane efana nohlobo lwephrojekthi, ubukhulu beslabhu, ubude bezikhala, izidingo zamandla kakhonkolo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuyekeza izidingo zakho futhi linikeze isiphakamiso senani eliqhudelanayo kanye nezincomo zobuchwepheshe ezenzelwe wena.

Imikhiqizo yethu yokucindezela ngemuva ikhiqizwa ezikhungweni eziqinisekisiwe ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ikhwalithi ze-ISO, futhi zonke izingxenye zihambisana namazinga afanele omhlaba wonke ahlanganisa i-ACI, i-PTI, kanye namakhodi okwakha endawo. Umkhiqizo ngamunye uhlolwa ngokuqinile okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla okudonsa, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokukhathala, kanye nokulinganiswa kokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana. Sihlinzeka ngezitifiketi eziphelele zokuhlolwa kwezinto kanye nemibhalo yokulawula ikhwalithi ngalo lonke uhambo lokuthumela ukuze siqinisekise ukulandeleka okugcwele nokuthobela imithetho.